题目内容:
Questionsarebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Childhoodpovertyandchronicstressmayleadtoproblemsregulatingemotionsasanadult,accordingtotheresearchpublishedonlineinthejournalProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences.
"Ourfindingssuggestthatthestress-burdenofgrowinguppoormaybeanunderlyingmechanismthataccountsfortherelationshipbetweenpovertyasachildandhowwellthebrainworksasanadult,"saidLuanPhan,aprofessorofpsychiatry(精神病学)atUniversityofIllinoisandalsotheseniorauthorofthestudy.
Theresearchersfoundthattestsubjectsfromlower-incomefamiliesshowed,asadults,greateractivityintheamygdala(扁桃腺),abrainareainvolvedinfearandothernegativeemotions.Theseindividualsshowedlowactivityinareasoftheprefrontalcortex(前额皮质),anareainthebrainthoughttoregulatenegativeemotion.
Amygdalaandprefrontalcortexdysfunction(活动异常)hasbeenassociatedwithmooddisordersincludingdepression,anxiety,impulsiveaggressionandsubstanceabuse,accordingtotheauthors.
Phansaiditiswellknownthatthenegativeeffectsofpovertycansetup"acascadeofincreasingriskfactors"forchildrentodevelopphysicalandpsychologicalproblemsasanadult.
Butithasnotbeenknownhowchildhoodpovertymightaffectbrainfunction,particularlyinemotionalregulation.Theabilitytoregulatenegativeemotionscanprovideprotectionagainstthephysicalandpsychologicalhealthconsequencesofstress,hesaid.
Thestudyexaminedassociationsbetweenchildhoodpovertyatage9,exposuretochronicstressorsduringchildhood,andneuralactivityinareasofthebraininvolvedinemotionalregulationatage24.Forty-nineparticipantstookpart.
Dataonfamilyincome,stressorexposures,physiologicalstressresponses,socio-emotionaldevelopment,andparent-childinteractionswerecollected.Abouthalftheparticipantswerefromlow-incomefamilies.
Usingfunctionalmagneticresonanceimaging,theresearchersevaluatedtheparticipants'brainactivityastheyperformedanemotional-regulationtask.Subjectswereaskedtotrytosuppressnegativeemotionswhileviewingpictures,usingacognitivecopingstrategy.
"Thisservesasabrain-behavioralindexofaperson'sday-to-dayabilitytocopewithstressandnegativeemotionsastheyencounterthem,"Phansaid.
Perhapsthemostimportantfinding,Phanadded,wasthattheamountofchronicstressfromchildhoodthroughadolescence--suchassubstandardhousing,crowding,noise,andsocialstressorslikefamilyturmoil,violenceorfamilyseparation~eterminedtherelationshipbetweenchildhoodpovertyandprefrontalbrainfunctionduringemotionalregulation.
What'sthepossibleeffectifapersonshowsgreateractivityintheamygdale? A.Hecanregulatehisnegativeemotionswell.
B.Hecanregulatehispositiveemotionswell.
C.Hemayhavenegativefeelingsfrequently.
D.Hemayhavepositivefeelingsfrequently.
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