题目内容：
A．"Thisseasonthereissomethingattheseasideworsethansharks,"declaredanewspaperin1890."Itistheamateurphotographer."Theinventionofthehandheldcamerashockedthe19th-centurysociety,asdidthe"Kodakfiends"(柯达狂人)whopatrolledbeachessnappingsunbathers.
B．Morethanacenturylater,amateurphotographyisoncemoreatroublingissue.Citizensofrichcountrieshavegotusedtobeingwatchedbyclosed-circuitcamerasthatguardroadsandcities.Butascamerasshrinkandthecostofstoringdatafallssharply,itisindividualswhoaretakingthepictures.
C．Some10,000peoplearealreadytestingaprototypeofGoogleGlass,aminiaturecomputerwornlikeeyeglasses.Itaimstohaveallthefunctionsofasmartphoneinadeviceputonaperson'snose.Itsflexibleframeholdsbothacameraandatinyscreen,andmakesiteasyforuserstotakephotos,sendmessagesandsearchforthingsonline.
D．Glassmayfail,butawiderrevolutionisunderway.InRussia,whereinsurancefraudiscommonlyseen,atleast1millioncarsalreadyhavecamerasontheirdashboards(仪表盘)thatfilmtheroadahead.PoliceforcesinAmericaarestartingtoissueofficerswithvideocameras,pinnedtotheiruniforms,whichrecordtheirinteractionswiththepublic.Collar-camshelpanxiouscat-loverswatchtheirwanderingpetscarefully.Paparazzi(狗仔队)havestartedtousedronestophotographcelebritiesintheirgardensoronyachts.Hobbyistsareevendevisingcleverwaystogetcamerasintospace.
E．Ubiquitousrecordingcanalreadydoalotofgood.Somepatientswithbraininjurieshavebeengivencameras:lookingbackatimagescanhelpthemrecovertheirmemories.Dash-camscanhelpresolveinsuranceclaimsandencouragepeopletodrivebetter.Police-camscandiscouragecriminalsfrommakinggroundlesscomplaintsagainstpoliceofficersandofficersfromabusingcriminals.ABritishsoldierhasjustbeenconvictedofmurderingawoundedAfghanbecausetheactwascapturedbyacolleague'shelmet-camera.Videosshowingthelineofsightofexperiencedsurgeonsandengineerscanhelptraintheirsuccessorsandbeusedinliabilitydisputes.
Lenseslinkedtocomputersarereadingstreet-signsandproductlabelstopartiallysightedpeople.
F．Optimistsseebroaderbenefitsahead.Plentyofpeoplecarryactivitytrackers,wornonthewristorplacedinapocket,tomonitortheirexerciseorsleeppatterns;camerascoulddothejobmoreeffectively,perhapsalsospyingontheirwearers'diets."Personalblackboxes"mightbeabletotransmitpicturesiftheirownerfallsvictimtoanaccidentorcrime.Tinycamerastrainedtorecognisefacescouldbecomepersonaldigitalassistants,makingconversationsassearchableasdocumentsande-mails.Alreadyasmallbandof"life-loggers"(生活记录器)storedyearsoffootage(镜头)intodatabasesof"e-memories".
G．Noteverybodywillbethrilledbytheseprospects.Aperfectdigitalmemorywouldprobablybeapain,preservingunhappyeventsaswellascherishedones.Suspiciousspousesandemployersmightfeelentitledtoreviewit.
H．Thebiggerworryisforthoseinfrontofthecameras,notbehindthem.Schoolbulliesalreadyuseillegalsnapsfrommobilephonestoembarrasstheirvictims.Thewebisfullofsecretphotosofwomen,snappedinpublicplaces.Wearablecameraswillmakesuchimmoralphotographyeasier.Andthehuge,loomingissueisthegrowingsophisticationofface-recognitiontechnologies,whicharestartingtoenablebusinessesandgovernmentstogetinformationaboutindividualsbysearchingthebillionsofimagesonline.
Thecombinationofcameraseverywhere--inbars,onstreets,inoffices,onpeople'sheads--withthealgorithms(算法)runbysocialnetworksandotherserviceprovidersthatprocessstoredandpublishedimagesisapowerfulandalarmingone.Wemaynotbefarfromaworldinwhichyourmovementscouldbetrackedallthetime,whereastrangerwalkingdownthestreetcanimmediatelyidentifyexactlywhoyouare.
I．Well,westillstronglyheldbeliefsthattechnologicalprogressshouldgenerallybewelcomed,notfeared--runsupagainstanevendeeperimpulse,infavourofliberty.Freedomhastoincludesomerighttoprivacy:ifeverymoveyoumakeisbeingrecorded,libertyislimited.
J．Oneoptionistobandevicesthatseemannoying.TheuseofdashboardcamerasisforbiddeninAustria.Driverswhofilmtheroadcanfacea10,000($13,40O．fine.Butbanningdevicesdeprivespeopleoftheirbenefits.Societywoulddobettertodeveloprulesaboutwhereandhowthesetechnologiescanbeused,justasitlearnedtocopewiththeKodakfiends.
K．Forthemoment,companiesarebehavinginacautiousway.Googlehasbannedtheuseofface-recognitioninappsonGlassanditscameraisdesignedtofilmonlyinshortbursts.Japanesedigitalcamera-makersensuretheirproductsemitashuttersoundeverytimeapictureistaken.Existinglawstocontrolstalkingorharassmentcanbeextendedtodealwithpeepingdrones.
L．Still,ascamerasbecomesmaller,morepowerfulandubiquitous,newlawsmaybeneededtopreserveliberty.Governmentsshouldbegrantedtherighttouseface-recognitiontechnologyonlywherethereisaclearpublicgood
(identifyingabankrobberforinstancE．,Whenthewould-beidentifiersarecompaniesorstrangersinthestreet,thestarting-pointshouldbethatyouhavetherightnottohaveyouridentityautomaticallyrevealed.Theprincipleisthesameasforpersonaldata.JustasFacebookandGoogleshouldbeforcedtoestablishhighdefaultsettings(默认习题设置)forprivacy(whichcanbereducedattheuser'srequest),thenewcamerasandrecognitiontechnologiesshouldberegulatedsoastoletyoudecidewhetheryouremainanonymous(匿名的)ornot.
M．SiliconValleyemphasisestheliberatingpoweroftechnology--anditisoftenright.Butthefreedomthatasmalldevicegivesonepersoncansometimestakeawaylibertyfromanother.Liberalpoliticianshavebeenlazyaboutdefendingtheideaofpersonalspace,especiallyonline.Thefightshouldstartnow.Otherwise,intheblinkofaneye,privacycouldbegone.
Noteveryonefeelshappyabouttheprospectsofcameras.
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