题目内容：
A．Afterbeingdiagnosedwithbrainandlungcancerin2011,LynnMitchell,68,wasaveragingaboutanhourofsolidsleepanight.Stressedabouthertreatments,shewaspayingforitinhoursoflostsleep.
B．Thebraincancerwasalreadyaffectinghermobility--Mitchellwasoftendizzyandwouldloseherbalance--butthelackofsleepmadethingsworse.Whenherdoctorsrecommendsheseeasleeptherapist,Mitchellwasrelievedathowmoderateitsoundedincomparisontothechemotherapy(化疗)shehadundergone.
C.Foraboutnineweeks,Mitchellworkedwiththesleeptherapisttoadjusthersleephabits.Shegotunderthecoversonlywhenshewasextremelytired.
ShequitwatchingTVinbed.Shestoppeddrinkingcaffeinatedcoffeeintheevening.Shealsolearnedbreathingexercisestorelaxandhelpherdriftoff.Itwasallquitesimpleandcommonsense,and,mostimportantly,didn'trequireundergoinganyoperationsorpoppinganypills.
D."It'scommonknowledgethatsleepisneededfordaytodayfunction,"saysDr.DavidRapoport,directoroftheSleepMedicineProgramatNYUSchoolofMedicine."Whatisn'tcommonknowledgeisthatitreallymatters--it'snotjustcosmetic(美容的)."
E.Researchershaveknownforsometimethatsleepiscriticalforweightmaintenanceandhormonebalance.Andtoolittlesleepislinkedtoeverythingfromdiabetestoheartdiseasetodepression.Recently,theresearchonsleephasbeenoverwhelming,withmountingevidencethatitplaysaroleinnearlyeveryaspectofhealth.Beyondchronicillnesses,achild'sbehavioralproblemsatschoolcouldberootedinmildsleepapnea(呼吸暂停，窒息).AndstudieshaveshownchildrenwithADHD(注意力缺陷多动障碍)aremorelikelytogetinsufficientsleep.ArecentstudypublishedinthejournalSLEEPfoundalinkbetweenoldermenwithpoorsleepqualityandcognitivedecline.Anotherstudyshowedsleepisessentialinearlychildhoodfordevelopment,learning,andforming,keepingmemories.
F．Buttomanyofus,sleepiseasilysacrificed,especiallysincelackofitisn'tseenaslifethreatening.Overtime,sleepdeprivation(不足)canhaveseriousconsequences,butwemostlysacrificeanightofsleephereandthere,andalwayssaythatwe'll"catchup".Luckily,itispossibletomakeupforsleepdebt(thoughitcantakeaverylongtimE．,butmostAmericansarestillchronicallysleepdeprived.
G．Whiledietandexercisehavebeenapartofpublichealthmessagingfordecades,doctorsandhealthadvocatesarenowbeginningtoarguethatgettingqualitysleepmaybejustasimportantforoverallhealth."Sleepisprobablyeasiertochangethandietorexercise,"saysDr.MichaelGrandner,asleepresearcherattheUniversityofPennsylvania."Itmayalsogiveyoumoreofanimmediaterewardifithelpsyougetthroughyourday."
H．Inourincreasinglyprofessionalanddigitallives,wheretherearenowmorethingsthanevercompetingforthehoursinourday,carvingouttimeforsleepisnotonlyincreasinglydifficult,butalsomorenecessary.Usingtechnologybeforebedstimulatesusandinterfereswithoursleep,yet95%ofAmericansusesometypeofelectronicslikeacomputer,TV,orcellphoneatleastafewnightsaweekwithinthehourbeforewegotobed,accordingtoa2011NationalSleepFoundationsurvey."Manydoctors,lawyers,andexecutivesstayuplateandgetupearlyandburnthecandleatbothends,"saysDr.
RichardLang,chairofPreventativeMedicineattheClevelandClinic."Makingsuretheypayattentiontosleepinthesamewaytheypayattentiontodietandexerciseiscrucial."
I．Tosome,sleephasbecomeapowerfulantidote(灵丹妙药)tomentalhealth.AriannaHuffington,presidentandeditor-in-chiefoftheHuffingtonPostMediaGroup,advocatesthatsleepisthesecrettosuccess,happiness,andpeakperformance.Afterpassingoutafewyearsagofromexhaustionandcrackingacheekboneagainstherdesk,Huffingtonhasbeguntoadvocatethebenefitsofsleep.A2013studyfoundthattreatingdepressedpatientsforinsomnia(失眠)candoubletheirlikelihoodofovercomingthedisorder.
J．While70%ofphysiciansagreethatinadequatesleepisamajorhealthproblem,only43%counseltheirpatientsonthebenefitsofadequatesleep.
Butthere'sgrowingpressureonprimarycarephysicianstoaddress,andevenprescribe,sleepduringroutinecheck-ups.Inanotherrecentstudyresearchersconcludedthathealthprofessionalsshouldprescribesleeptopreventandtreatdiseaseslikeobesityanddiabetes.Andoverlookingsleepasamajorhealthissuecanalsohavedeadlyconsequences.ItwasrecentlyreportedthattheoperatoroftheMetro-Northtrainthatderailed(出轨)inNewYorklastyear,killingfourpeopleandinjuringmorethan70,hadanundiagnosedcaseofsleepapnea.
K．Sleeptherapiescanrangefromsimplylearningnewlifestylebehaviorstopromotesleep,tofiguringouthowtopositiononeselfinbed.Moredrasticmeasuresinvolvesurgerytoopenupanairwaypassageforpeoplesufferingfromdisorderslikesleepapnea.Sleepingpillscanbeprescribedtoo,togetmuchneededrest,butsleeptherapiststendtofavorotherapproachesbecauseofpossibledependenciesdeveloping.
L．Alargepartofreapingthebenefitsofsleepisknowingwhenyou'renotgettingtherightamount.Accordingtoa2013Gallupsurvey,40%ofAmericansgetlessthantherecommendedseventoeighthoursanight.Whilethetypicalpersonstilllogsabout6.8hoursofsleeppernight,that'sadropfromthe7.9Americansweregettinginthe1940s.
M．Whenitcomestoadequatesleep,it'smuchmorepersonalizedthanpreviouslythought.Somepeoplefeelgreatonfivehoursofrest,whileothersneedten.
Thebestwaytodetermineifyou'regettingtherightamount,doctorssay-,istofindouthowmanyhoursofsleepyouneedtobeabletowakeupwithoutanalarmandfeelrested,refreshed,andenergeticthroughouttheday.
N．Sincereforminghersleephabits,Mitchellhasbeenclockinguptosevenhoursofsleepanightforthepasttwomonths."I'malertinthemorning,mybalanceisbetter,andIfeelpeppier,"saysMitchell.Gettingenoughsleephashelpedherbetterdealwithhercancers,anditssymptoms.Thebestnewsisthatsherecentlyfoundoutthatherbraintumorisshrinking,andtherearefewercancerousspotsonherlungs.
Astudyfoundsleepiscriticalforchildreninseveralaspects,suchasdevelopment,learningandmemories.
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