Passage 1
From James Moriarty to Ernst Stavro Blofeld, the idea of the evil genius has been a staple ofstorytelling．But is it true Or, to put the matter less starkly, is there a connection between creativityand dishonesty in real people who are not bent on world domination, as well as in fictionalsupervillains Writing in Psychological Science, Francesca Gino of Harvard University and Scott
Wiltermuth of the University of Southem California suggest that there is--and that cheating actuallyincreases creativity.
Dr Gino and Dr Wiltermuth tested the honesty of 153 volunteers with a task that involvedadding up numbers for a cash reward, which was presented in a way that seemed to them to allowthem to cheat undetected(though the researchers knew when they did)．This was sandwichedbetween two tests for creativity, one of which was to work out how to fix a candle to a cardboardwall with a box of drawing pins, and the other a word-association test．This combination showed notonly that creative people cheat more, but also that cheating seems to encourage creativity--for thosewho cheated in the adding-up test were even better at word association than their candle-test resultspredicted.
That result was confirmed by a second set of experiments, in which some people were givenmany opportunities to cheat and others few．The crucial predictor of creativity, the researchers con-firmed, was the actual amount of cheating, not any propensity to cheat.
A third experiment tested the idea that this is because both creativity and dishonesty require, asit were, a flexible attitude to rules．In this experiment volunteers were asked about their attitude tobossy signs, such as "no cycling" and "no diving" notices, after being allowed to cheat (again, in away transparent to the experimenters) on a coin-tossing test．Cheats, it turned out, were less con-strained to obey such signs.
It is, it goes without saying, a long way from such acts of petty defiance to bui
A.They are two evil geniuses
B.They are two psychologists
C.They are two story-tellers
D.They are two researchers