题目内容：
Joy andsadness are experienced by people in all cultures around the world, but how canwe tell when other people are happy or despondent? It turns out that theexpression of many emotions may be universal．Smiling is apparently a universalsign of friendliness and approval．Baring the teeth in a hostile way, as notedby Charles Darwin in the nineteenth century, may be a universe sign of anger．As the originator of the theory of evolution ,Darwin believed that theuniversal recognition of facial expressions would have survival value．Forexample, facial expressions could signal the approach of enemies (or friends)in the absence of language．Mostinvestigators concur that certain facial expressions suggest the same emotionsin a people．Moreover ,people in diverse cultures recognize the emotionsmanifested by the facial expressions．In classic research Paul Ekman tookphotographs of people exhibiting the emotions of anger, disgust, fear,happiness, and sadness．He then asked people around the world to indicate whatemotions were being depicted in them．Those queried ranged from European collegestudents to members of the Fore, a tribe that dwells in the New Guineahighlands．All groups including the Fore, who had almost no contact withWestern culture, agreed on the portrayed emotions．The Fore also displayedfamiliar facial expressions when asked how they would respond if they were thecharacters in stories that called for basic emotional responses．Ekman and hiscolleagues more recently obtained similar results in a study of
tencultures in which participants were permitted to report that multiple emotionswere shown by facial expressions ．The participants generally agreed on whichtwo emotions were being shown and which emotion was more intense．
Psychologicalresearchers generally recognize that facial expressions reflect emotionalstates．In fact, various emotional states give rise to certain patterns ofelectrical activity in the facial muscles and in the brain．The facial-feedbackhypothesis argues, however, that the causal relationship between emotions ．andfacial expressions can also work in the opposite direction．According to thishypothesis, signals from the facial muscles ("feedback,) are sent back toemotion centers of the brain, and so a person's facial expression can influencethat person's emotional state ．Consider Darwin's words: "The freeexpression by outward signs of an emotion intensifies it, On the other hand ,therepression, as far as possible, of all outward signs softens ouremotions．" Can smiling give rise to feelings of good will, for example,and frowning to anger?
Psychologicalresearch has given rise to some interesting findings concerning thefacial-feedback hypothesis ．Causing participants in experiments to smile, forexample, leads them to report more positive feelings and to rate cartoons(humorous drawings of people or situations) as being more humorous．When theyarc caused to frown ,they rate cartoons as being more aggressive．
What arethe possible links between facial expressions and emotion? One link is arousal,which is the level of activity or preparedness for activity in an organism．Intense contraction of facial muscles, such as those used in signifying fear,heightens arousal．Self-perception of heightened arousal: then leads toheightened emotional activity．Other links may involve changes in brain temperatureand the release of neurotransmitters (substances that transmit nerve impulses．)The contraction of facial muscles both influences the internal emotional stateand reflectsit．Ekman has found that the so-called Duchenne smile, which ischaracterized by "crow's feet" wrinkles around Lheeyes and a subtledrop in the eye cover fold so that the skin above the eye moves down slightlytoward the eye ball,can lead to pleasant feelings．
Ekman'sobservation may be relevant to the British expression "keep a stiff upperlip" as a recommendation for handling stress．It might be that a"stiff" lip suppresses emotional response--as long as the lip is notquivering with fear or tension．But when the emotion that loads to stiffeningthe lip is more intense, and involves strong muscle tension, facial feedbackmay heighten emotional response．______．
根据以上内容，回答题。
Theword "despondent" in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to A．curious
B．sad
C．elated
D．skeptical
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答案解析：