题目内容：
A.In2012,theUnitedNationsWorldHealthAssemblyadvocatedasignificantnewhealthgoal:toreduceavoidabledeathsfromnon-cornrnunieable(非传染性)diseasesby25%by2025.Cardiovascular(心血管的)disease,diabetes,cancerandrespiratory(呼吸的)diseasekill35millionperyear.
TheUNhasidentifiedtobacco,alcoholandpoordietascentralriskfactors.
Thefirsttwohavebeenregulatedbygovernmentsinordertoprotectpublichealth,butpoordietisactuallyresponsibleformorediseasethansmoking,alcoholandphysicalinactivitycombined.
B.Butwhatcomponentofthewesterndietshouldbetargeted?Theevidencesuggestingthataddedsugarshouldbethetargetisnowoverwhelming.Unlikefatandprotein,refinedsugarsoffernonutritional(营养的)valueand,contrarytowhatthefoodindustrywantyoutobelieve,thebodydoesnotrequireanycarbohydrate(碳水化合物)fromaddedsugarforenergy.Thusitisasourceofcompletelyunnecessarycalories.
C．SugarsareaddedtothemajorityofprocessedfoodsintheUK.Yetdisturbingly,manyconsumersareunawareofitspresenceinsuchlargequantities.IntheUKandEuropeguidelinedailyamountsforsugarhavenotbeenupdatedsince2003.Theseobsolete(过时的)guidelinesstillsuggestonecanconsumeasurprising22teaspoonsofsugardaily.TheWorldHealthOrganisationhasrecentlybeenadvisedbyscientificexpertsthataddedsugarshouldconstitutenomorethan5%ofenergy.Thatwouldgivealimittotheaveragemanofamaximumofeightteaspoonsadayandtheaveragewomansixteaspoonsaday.Andthatwouldincludesugarsfi'omfruitjuiceandhoney.
D.Themisleadinglabellingandhealthclaimson"lowfat"foodsthatactuallyhaveshockinglevelsofaddedsugarisascandal.Worsestill,ithascreatedtheperfectstormforpublichealth.Therefore,severaldaysago,agroupofUKandinternationalexperts,includingmyself,launchedActionOnSugar.Themainaimistopressurethefoodindustrytoreduceaddedsugarinfoodsby40%overfouryears.Thatwouldmean100fewercaloriesperperson,whichaccordingtotheUKDepartmentofHealthwouldreversetheobesity(肥胖)epidemic.
E．However,theindustryremainsindenial.BarbaraGallani,directorofregulationattheFoodandDrinkFederation,madeastatementofimmediateresistance,denyingsugar'sroleinobesityandfailingtoacknowledgethemultitudeofscientificstudiestothecontrary.Wemustn'tforgetthatittook50yearsfromwhenthefirstscientificstudiesbetweensmokingandlungcancerweremadebeforeanyeffectivelegislationwasintroducedthroughregulation.
Why?BecauseBigTobaccoverysuccessfullyadoptedacorporatestrategyofdenial.Byplantingdoubt,confusingthepublic,bribingpoliticalalliesandevenbuyingtheloyaltyofsomescientists.
F．Thecomparisonswiththesugarindustryarequitechilling.LeaderoftheCommonsAndrewLansley'saggressiveinterventioninparliamentwasthusinteresting.HeattemptedtorubbishrespectedpublichealthexpertProfessorSimonCapewell'sstatementthatsugaristhenewtobacco.LansleythencompoundedhiserrorsbyignorantlyassertingintheHousethat"sugarisessentialtofood".Itisnot.Hewouldhavebeenmoreaccurateinsaying"sugarisessentialtofoodindustryprofitsandliningthepocketsofitsco-optedpartners".LansleywasapaiddirectorofmarketingcompanyProferototheendof2009.Profero'sclientshaveincludedPepsi,Mars,PizzaHutandDiageo'sGuinness.Duringhisunhappytimeashealthsecretary,LansleypromotedtheResponsibilityDeal.There,heinvitedfast-foodcompaniesinforcosydiscussionsonhowtotackleobesity,cynicallygeneratingtheimpressionofprogress,butonlyachievingweakandmeaninglessvoluntarycaloriereductionpledges.
G．Thefoodindustryspendsbillionsinjunkfoodandsugarydrinkadvertising,targetingthemostvulnerablemembersofsociety,includingchildren.Worse,theindustrycynicallyassociatesfitnessandsportwithjunkfoodandsugarydrinks.ThusMarsisoneoftheofficialsponsorsoftheEnglandfootballteam.Yetoneregularsizedbarcontainseightteaspoonsofsugar,almosttripletheamountrecommendedasalimitforafour-toeight-year-oldchildbytheUSDepartmentofHealthandHumanServices'dietaryguidelines.
Thecommonestcauseofchronicpaininchildrenistoothdecaywithsugarasthenumberoneriskfactor.Regularphysicalactivityhasamultitudeofhealthbenefits;however,itseffectonsustainedweightlossisoftenweak.
Furthermore,activitylevelshavechangedlittleinthepast30yearsasobesityhasrocketed.
H．Weareallvulnerable,becauseyoudon'thavetobeoverweighttobeaffectedbydiet-relateddisease.Ofallthechronicdiseases,type2diabetes,whichisentirelypreventable,isperhapsthemostdamaging.Diabetesincreasestheriskofheartattack,stroke,kidneyfailureandeyedisease.Uptohalfofalldiabeticpatientsgoontosufferacuteorchronicpain,andtwo-thirdswillultimatelydevelopdementia(痴呆).ThedirectandindirectcoststotheUKofdiabetesisover24billionandprojectedtoapproach40billionby2030.Ifwedonothing,thiswillcrippletheNationalHealthService.
Howdoessugarcomparetotobacco?Ateaspoonofsugaroronecigarettewillnotharmyou.Butovertime,thehabitcanbefatal.UnlikeBigTobacco,BigSugardeliberatelytargetschildren.Andaddedsugarhasbecomesocommonwithinthefoodenvironmentthatwecan'tavoiditevenifwewantedto.Itisthusnotsimplyamatterofpersonalchoice.Butperhapsmostdisturbingofallthesimilaritiesisthefinancialandpoliticalmusclethatbothindustrieshaveexertedtotryandprotecttheirprofits,attheexpenseofourhealth.It'stimetowindbacktheharmsoftoomuchsugar,reversethe"diabesity"epidemicandtheunspeakablesufferingitcauses.It'stimeforActionOnSugar.
Thehabitofsmokingcanbefatal,andsimilarlytakingtoomuchsugarforalongtimecancausedeath.
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