题目内容:
根据以下材料,回答题
IJustKnowHowYouFeel
Doyoufeelsad?Happy?Frnstrated?Insouciant?Exonerated?Infuriated?Doyouthinkthatthewayyoudisplaytheseemotionsisunique?Well,thinkagain.Eventheexpressionofthemostpersonalfeelingscanbedividedintogroups,classified,andperhaps,taught.ThisweekseesthepublicationofMindReading,aninteractiveDVD-romdisplayingeverypossiblehumanemotion.Itdemonstrates412distinctwaysinwhichwefeel:thefirstvisualdictionaryofthehumanheart.
TheattempttoclassifythehumanheartbeganwithDarwin.HisTheExpressionoftheEmotionsinManandAnimals,publishedin1872,dividedtheemotionsintosixtypes--anger,fear,sadness,disgust,surpriseandenjoyment.(1)
Everyotherfeeling,ofwhichtheremaybethousands,wasthoughttoderivefromthissix-stronggroup.Morecomplexexpressionsofemotionwerelikelytobelearnedandthereforemorespecifictoeachculture.AnincredulousorindignantPacificislandermightnotbeabletoshowanEssexgirlexactlyhowshefelt.
Butnowitisbelievedthat,whereasgesturesdonotcrossculturalboundarieswell,manymorefacialexpressionsthanDarwin'shalf-dozenaresharedworldwide.(2)TheMindReadingisasystematicrecordofeachoftheseexpressionsbeingactedout.
TheprojectwasconceivedbyProfessorSimonBaron-CohenoftheautismresearchcentreinCambridgeasanaidforpeoplewithautism,whohavedifficultybothreadingandexpressingemotion.Butitquicklybecameapparentthatithadbroaderuses.Novelists,actorsandportraitpaintersallneedtodrawuponawiderangeofemotionalexpression,andteacherscoulduseitforclassesinpersonalandsocialdevelopment.
Baron-Cohen'steamfirsthadtodecidewhatcountedasanemotion.(3)Usingthisdefinition,1,512emotiontermswereidentifiedandputtoapanelwhohadtodecideifeachrepresentedaseparateemotion,oriftheyweresynonyms.Thatlistwaswhittleddownto412,arrangedin24groupsfrom"afraid"to“vanting".
Oncetheemotionswereclassified,aDVDseemedthemostefficientwaytodisplaythem.InMindReading,eachexpressionsisactedout--sixtimes,bysixdifferentactors--inthreeseconds.
(4)Theexplanationforthisissimple:wemayfinditdifficulttodescribeemotionsusingwords,butweinstantlyrecognizeonewhenweseeitonsomeone'sface."Itwasreallyclearwhentheactorshadgotitright,"saysCathyCollis,whodirectedtheDVD.
Butthoughwefinditdifficulttodescribemanyemotions,weinstantlyrecognizeonewhenweseeone."Evenwhentheactorswerestrugglingtogetanemotion,therewasasplitsecondwhenitwasabsolutelythere.Itwasreallyclearwhenthey'dgotit,"saidCathyCollis,whodirectedtheDVD."Althoughtheactorsweregivensomedirection,theywerenottoldwhichfacialmuscletheyshouldmove."Sheadded.(5)Forexample,whensomeonefeelscontempt,youcan'tsayforcertainthattheireyebrowsalwaysgodown.
SomeonewhohastriedtoestablishsuchrulesistheAmericanProfessorPaulEkman,whohasbuiltadatabaseofhowthefacemovesforeveryemotion.Thefacecanmake43distinctmusclemovementscalled"actionunits".Thesecanbecombinedintomorethan10,000visiblefacialshapes.Ekmanhaswrittenoutapaperoffacialmuscularmovementstorepresenteachemotion.
回答(1)题 A.Wethoughtoftryingtodescribeeachemotionbutitwouldhavebeenalmostimpossibletomakeclearrulesforthis.
B.Theseparticularmusclesaredifficulttocontrol,andfewpeoplecandoit.
C.Researchhasalsobeendonetofindoutwhichareasofthebrainreadtheemotionalexpressions.
D.Theydecidedthatitwasamentalstatethatcouldbeprecededby"Ifeel"or"helooks"or"shesounds".
E.Hesaidthattheexpressionofthesefeelingsareuniversalandrecognizablebyanyone,fromanyculture.
F.Anyothermethodofshowingallthe412emotions,suchaswords,wouldhavebeenfarlesseffective.
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