题目内容：
根据下面资料，回答题 Which Low Carbon Technology Is Now a Reality?
A．With fossil fuels expected to supply over 70% of the world's energy needs by 2040, we face someurgent questions: where should efforts be focused in reducing greenhouse gas emissions? Whichtechnologies hold the most promise? There are a range of low-carbon solutions and given thechallenge, we will need them all．We hear a lot about the advances being made by refreshablesources of energy such as solar, wind and hydro-electricity and these are certainly valuabletechnologies in combating climate change．But how can we really make a major impact in reducingcarbon emissions from large power plants and industrial facilities? Enter carbon capture andstorage-or CCS-a technology that captures CO2from fossil fuel production and permanently storesit underground．
B．The aim is to prevent the release of large quantities of CO2 into the atmosphere ( from fossil fuel usein power generation and other industries)．It is a potential means of relieving the contribution offossil fuel emissions to global warming and ocean acidification (酸化)．Although CO2has beeninjected into geological formations for several decades for various purposes, including enhanced oilrecovery, the long term storage of CO2is a relatively new concept．The first commercial examplewas Weyburn in 2000．CCS can also be used to describe the scrubbing (涤气) of CO2fromenvironmental air as a climate engineering technique．
C ) In November 2014 the Global CCS Institute released its flagship ( 核心的) publication--the annualGlobal Status of CCS report． This comprehensive annual update is the prominent source ofinformation on the development of CCS around the world．A lot of work went into updatinginformation in the report, in cooperation with the CCS industry, as there had been quite significantchanges to the CCS landscape in the preceding 12 months．This included the launch of a large-scaleCCS project in the power sector and the beginning of construction of the world's fn-st large-scale CCSproject in the iron and steel sector．
D．Large-scale CCS is now a reality in the power sector with the October 2014 launch of the BoundaryDam Integrated Carbon Capture and Storage Demonstration Project in Saskatchewan, Canada．Boundary Dam is the first commercial CCS plant in the power sector, removing 90 per cent of theCO2produced by electricity generation from lignite ( 褐煤 ) coal at Production Unit No．3 of theSaskPower facility．The captured CO2is primarily used for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) at thenearby Weyburn oil field, although amounts are also to be stored in deep geological formations atthe Aquistore site．The success of the Boundary Dam project and the progression of additionalprojects through planning and construction, indicates that CCS technologies for application in thepower sector are "market ready"．
E) The next 18 -24 months will see CCS be applied across a range of industries and storage types．Afurther two large-scale CCS power projects are in construction in the US--the Kemper CountyEnergy Facility in Mississippi and the Petra Nova Carbon Capture Project in Texas．Both projects areexpected to be operational in 2016．Also in the US, the Illinois Industrial CCS project planned forlaunch later this year will capture CO2from the Archer Daniels Midland corn-to-ethanol (乙醇) plantin Decatur．Illinois for storage in an onshore deep saline formation．The Abu Dhabi CCS project inthe United Arab Emirates is under construction and from 2016 will provide the world's first large-scale demonstration of CO2capture from iron and steel production．
F) In addition to the 22 large-scale CCS projects currently in operation or construction around theworld, 14 projects are in advanced stages of planning, many of which are likely to be in a position tomake a final investment decision over the coming year．Together this group of projects covers arange of applications for CCS and could extend to around ten in the number of large-scale CCSprojects operating in the power sector by the end of the decade．Their progression to operationwould add experience in the dedicated geological storage of CO2and see operational large-scale CCSactivity extend to China for the fLrst time．
G) 2014 saw commercial application in the power sector become a reality and we can look forward to afurther expansion across a diverse range of industries in the coming years．The Global CCS Institutecontinues to cover developments in CCS with up-to-date information, expert insights, workshops,media releases and online seminars．We struggle to make CCS industry information easily accessible
and encourage you to engage with us via our website and regular publications．
H) For detailed information on large-scale CCS projects please visit our online Projects page, which youcan browse or search for projects based on stage, region, industry or capture, transport and storagetype．For the in'st time the Institute's website contains project descriptions for around 40 lesser scale"remarkable" CCS projects, of which four Japanese "remarkable" CCS projects were the key focusof a chapter in the Global Status of CCS report．For ongoing expert information visit our Insightspage, which is regularly updated with articles from experts in carbon capture and storage, publicengagement, legal issues and policy developments．
I) To join in the discussion you can attend meetings and workshops around the world, and participatein online seminars where you will have the opportunity to listen to and ask questions of a range ofexperts．Visit our Events page to see upcoming meetings, conferences, workshops and seminars．Finally, for a range of up-to-date news and more detailed information, visit our news andpublications sections．We look forward to covering this exciting period in the development of CCSand providing you with the latest information and important issues for the sector．
Carbon dioxide has been stored in geological formations for different purposes; however, its longterm storage is comparatively new．
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