题目内容:
根据短文,回答题Notalldecisionsarealike.Noriseverydecisionmadeinthesamemanner.Althoughsomeactionsyouundertakederivetheirbasisfromnewlymadedecisions,thereareotherinstanceswhendecision-makingdoesnotreallytakeplace.Thelatter,accordingtoDeaconandFirebaugh,mayinvolveroutine,programmed,impulsiveorintuitiveaction.Whenyouwakeupinthemorningandpreparetoattendclass,doyoucon-sciouslymakedecisionsaboutsuchthingsaswhichsideofyourhairtocombfirst,howtobrushyourteeth.orwhichshoetoputonfirst?Probablynot.Althoughyoumayhavemadeaconsciousdecisionaboutwhatyouweregoingtoweartoclass,youprobablydidn’tspendanytimeinmakingadecisionabouthowtogetreadytoattendclass.Everyindividualhascertainhabitsorroutinebehaviors.Althoughtheyoriginatedfromdecisionsmadeatanearliertimeinyourlire,younolongerconsciouslymakethesedecisionseachtimeyouundertakethistypeofaction.Routineplansoractionsserveausefulpurposeinyourdailylifeandmanagement.Howlongwouldittakeyoutogetup,getready,andwalktoclassifyouhadtomakeseparatedecisionsforeachactionyoutake?Youuseroutineplansoractionresourcestomakenewdecisions.
Inadditiontothehabitualbehaviorsorroutinesyoufollow,youalsohavecertainspecificactionsyouundertakeinagivensituation.Thesearecalledprograrnmeddecisions.Programmeddecisionsaredifferentfromroutines.Routineplansoractionsarepatternsofbehavioralactionsrepeatedlyundertakenonaconsistentandregularbasis.Programmeddecisions,ontheotherhand,utilizeyourpastexperienceinasimilarsituation.Forinstance,youknowyouaregoingtohaveatest.Yourmethodofstudyingforthistestwillbedoneusingyourknowledgeofasimilarexperience.Thedegreeofsuccesspreviouslyachievedwillbeadeterminantinhow,when,where,andthelengthoftimeyoustudyforthistest.
Programmeddecisions,likeroutines,arearesourceinyourmanagement.Whentheactionundertakenprovestobesuccessful,yourepeatthesameactionthenexttimewhenasimilarsituationoccurs.Thissuccessfulachievement,measuredbythesatisfactionyoureceived,determineswhenandtheextenttowhichyoumodifytheoriginaldecisionbeforeemployingitagaininotherlikesituations,
Bothroutineandprogrammeddecisionsserveusefulpurposes.Theyactasresourcesbyeliminatingtheneedtomakenewdecisions.Theyalsoevaluatemanagerialaction.Thesuccessyouachieveenablesyoutobypassorminimizetheuseofthedecision-makingprocess.
Peoplemayspendtimeinmakingdecisionsabout___________. A.howtopreparetogotoschool
B.howtohavethebreakfast
C.whatclothestoweartoclass
D.whichshoetoputonfirst
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