题目内容：
Aspartofmorecomprehensivecomplianceandethicsprograms,manycompanieshaveformulatedinternalpoliciespertainingtotheethicalconductofemployees．Thesepoliciescanbesimpleexhortationsinbroad,highly-generalizedlanguage(typicallycalledacorporateethicsstatement),ortheycanbemoredetailedpolicies,containingspecificbehavioralrequirements(typicallycalledcorporateethicscodes)．51Theyaregenerallymeanttoidentifythecompany'sexpectationsofworkersandtoofferguidanceonhandlingsomeofthemorecommonethicalproblemsthatmightariseinthecourseofdoingbusiness．52Itishopedthathavingsuchapolicywillleadtogreaterethicalawareness,consistencyinapplication,and theavoidanceofethicaldisasters．
53．Anincreasingnumberofcompaniesalsorequiresemployeestoattendseminarsregardingbusinessconduct,whichoftenincludediscussionofthecompany'spolicies,specificcasestudies,andleEalrequirements．Somecompaniesevenrequiretheiremployeestosignagreementsstatingthattheywillabidebythecompany'srulesofconduct．
Manycompaniesareassessingtheenvironmentalfactorsthatcanleademployeestoengageinunethicalconduct．Acompetitivebusinessenvironmentmaycallforunethicalbehavior．Lyinghasbecomeexpectedinfieldssuchastrading．AnexampleofthisaretheissuessurroundingtheunethicalactionsoftheSalomanBrothers．
Noteveryonesupportscorporatepoliciesthatgovernethicalconduct．Someclaimthatethicalproblemsarebetterdealtwithbydependinguponemployeestousetheirownjudgment．
Othersbelievethatcorporateethicspoliciesareprimarilyrootedinutilitarianconcerns,andthattheyaremainlytolimitthecompany'slegalliability,ortocurrypublicfavorbygivingtheappearanceofbeingagoodcorporatecitizen．Ideally,thecompanywillavoidalawsuitbecauseitsemployeeswillfollowtherules．54．Shouldalawsuitoccur,thecompanycanclaimthattheproblemwouldnothaveariseniftheemployeehadonlyfollowedthecodeproperly．
Sometimesthereisdisconnectionbetweenthecompany'scodeofethicsandthecompany'sactualpractices．55．Thus,whetherornotsuchconductisexplicitlysanctionedbymanagement,atworst,thismakesthepolicyduplicitous(搞两面派的),and,atbest,itismerelyamarketingtool．
第（51）题答案
参考答案：
答案解析：