题目内容：
A.Ifyou'vesuspectedlatelythatyourfamily'smobile-phonebillisdrivenentirelybyyour15-year-old,youareprobablyright.ArecentNielsenreportshowsthatchildrenaged13to17averageanastonishing3,417textmessagesamonth--some45percentofalltextmessages.Thisbreaksdowntoseventexts"everywakinghour,"orroughlyoneevery8.5minutes.Butthosewholookatthisdataandworrythatyoungpeopleareover-textingmaybeaskingthewrongquestion.Themorerelevantconcernmaybenottheamount,butthefunction.Manyobserversarguethatthesocialworldofteenagersandevenyoungadultsisnowadayslargelyconstitutedbytextmessaging.
B．Certainlyaprincipalreasoncitedbymanyteensfortheiruseoftextingisthatitisfun.Insomesurveys,youngpeoplereportedthattheyprefertextingtoconversation.And"prefer"maybetooweakaword.Manyyoungpeople,whennotallowedtotext,becomeanxiousandnervous.
C.Inrecentyears,therehasbeennoshortageofreportsontelevisionaboutresearcherswhosaytheyhavefoundteensaddicted(上瘾的)totheirmobilephones.Perhapsabetterwaytoviewthedataisasanillustrationofhowmobilephonesingeneral,andtextinginparticular,havetakenovertheexperientialworldoftheyoung.Aneconomistmightexpectthatteensdeprivedoftextingwouldsimplysubstituteanothermethodofcommunication--talking,forinstance.Asitturnsout,asignificantminoritywillnot.Theywillbehaveinstead,researchersreport,thewaypeopledowhendeprivedofhumancontact.
D.Thephone,inotherwords,isnotmerelyatoolthroughwhichteenskeepintouchwithfriends.Itisthetechnologythatdefinestheirsocialcircle.Iftheycannottextsomeone,thatpersonmayaswellnotexist.Still,Iamnotcriticizingthetechnologyitself.Likemostpeopleofallagesthesedays,Ifindtextingfartooconvenienttoignore——although,tobesure,Iusuallysendtwoorthreetextsaday,notsevenanhour.
E.Thetroubleisthattextingarosesuddenly,notgradually:Originallyincludedinmobilephonesasatooltoenableserviceproviderstosendadvertisinge-mailstotheircustomers,itactuallycametotheU.S.laterthanmostoftheindustrializedworld.DavidMercer,inhis2006book"TheTelephone:TheLifeStoryofaTechnology,"suggeststhatthepopularityofthepracticerosesharplywhenviewerswereurgedtotexttheirvotesforthewinneronsuchtelevisionprogramsas"AmericanIdol".
F．Thisbreakfrompastpracticewassoradicalthatadultshadnoopportunitytoworkoutfromtheirownexperiencereasonableboundsfortheyoung.Andsotheyoung,unbounded,freelycreatedtheirownworld,fromwhichtheoldarelargelyexcluded.Fearsofwhatyoungpeoplemightbelikeifleftfreetodesigntheworldhavelongbeenwithus:Think"LordoftheFlies","AClockworkOrange"or"ChildrenoftheCorn".Thatimponderable(无法估量的事物)Ileaveforotherstoweigh.Idon'tbelievethatover-textingwillcreatedangerouspsychopaths(精神病患者).Butitmightcreatesomethingelse.
G．Heavytextinghasbeenlinkedtosleepdeprivationamongtheyoung,evidentlybecausetheysomehowfeelcompelledtorespond,eveninthemiddleofthenight.Researchershavefoundconnectionsbetweentextingandmanyotherthings.A2006studybyJamesE.KatzofRutgersUniversity,perhapstheleadingacademicexpertonmobile-phoneuse,hasfoundthatyoungpeoplehavetroublegivinguptheirphones,evenforashorttime.Mostwereunabletomakeitthroughatwo-dayexperimentdesignedtodiscoverwhattheywoulddowithouttheirphones.
H．Ontheotherhand,ifappropriatelyused,textingmighthelpgetridoftheweirdandrodeetiquette(礼仪；规矩)ofthemobilephone,inwhich,fornoreasonbutthetechnology'sexistence,itistherecipient(接受者)ofthecallwhoissomehowrequiredtomakeanexcuseifnotfreetoanswer.
Textingremindpeopleofanearlier,lessdemandingmodelofcommunication,inwhichresponsewasattheconvenienceoftherespondent.Itwas,andis,knownasletterwriting.Theremayactuallybeadvantagesintheuseofphonesforapurposeotherthanconversation.Thesuddenincreaseofphoneappsmayhelpchildrenlearn.(Itmayalsoleadtoanewdigitaldividebetweenthosewithlotsofappsontheirphonesandthosewithout.)Andforthosewhoareworriedthatconstantmobile-phoneusebytheyoungmightleadtocancer,texting--inwhichthephoneisnowhereneartheear--isobviouslyanimprovement.
I．Thelargerproblemwithtextinginvolvesneitherthephysicalnorthementalhealthofourgrowingarmyofyoungtexters.Myworryisthattheubiquity(普遍存在)oftextingmayspeedupthedeclineofwhatourstrugglingdemocracymostneeds:independentthought.Indeed,astextingcrowdsoutotheractivities,itmustinevitablycrowdoutinactivity--andthereliesadanger.Forinactivityandthinkingarecloselylinked.Byinactivity,Imeandoingnothingthatoccupiesthemind:timespentinreflection.BertrandRussellwroteanexcellentessayonthissubject,titled"InPraiseofIdleness"(alsothetitleofthecollectioninwhichtheessayismostreadilyfounD．.Russell'spointisthatwhentherestoftheworldthinksweareidle,thebrain,ifproperlytrained,isfollowingitsownpath.Onlythen,hecontends,arewetrulythinking.
Therestofthetimeweareanalyzingandreacting,butourthoughtsarethendeterminedbyresponsestothethoughtsofothers.Unlesswespendtimeinreflection--inidleness--wecannevertrulythinkthoughtsofourown.
Thesuddenincreaseofphoneappsmaybebeneficialtochildren'sstudy.
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