题目内容：
A．Theverythoughtofamalebabysitter(保姆)isenoughtomakesomeparentsanxious.Everyonlineparentingforumseemstohaveathreadontheissueofmalebabysitters,suchas"HiringaMaleBabysitter(orManny)"onthesiteParkSlopeParents.Inasatire(讽刺作品)onTheOniontitled,DesperateMomOkaysMaleBabysitter,themornnormallywouldn'thireamalebabysitterandknewitwasn'tideal,butshereallyneededthenightoft:
B．InanarticlefortheWashingtonPost,authorPetulaDvorakhiresamalebabysitterandrealizesit"isapparentlysomethingfewparentswoulddo."Shesaidshereceivedraisedeyebrowsfromotherparentsattheplaygroundwhensheintroducedthenewsitterandfeltcompelledtoexplainhowlongshe'sknownhimandhowmuchshelikeshimtoanyonewhowouldlisten."Whenitcomestokids,weareprettyclosetobeingasocietythathasdemonized(妖魔化)men,"Dvorakwrites,notingthatagovernmentstudyfoundthatin96percentofsexualassaultsonchildrentheoffendersweremale.
C．Thisanxietyaboutmalebabysittersisremarkablewhenyoulookatthehistoryofbabysitting.Throughoutthetwentiethcentury,boyswerenotonlyacceptedasbabysitters,theywereoftenpreferredovergirls.Thereasonistwofold:Teenagegirlsweredismissedasflighty(轻浮的)andselfish;andyoungboysneededmalerolemodelsastheirfatherswereunemployedduringtheGreatDepressionorgoneallatworkinthelatterhalfofthecentury.
D．AccordingtoMiriamForman-Brunell,ahistoryprofessorandtheauthorofBabysitter:AnAmericanHistory,babysittinginitsmodernincarnation(化身)cameaboutinthe1920s,with"theexpansionofsuburbsforthefirsttime."Parentsweremorelikelytobeseparatedfromextendedfamilymembersthatoncewerereliedontowatchchildren.Coincidentally,the1920salsogaverisetothenotionofamodemteenagegirlwhocaredmoreaboutboys,moviesandmakeupthantakingcareofkids.Toadults,theriseoftheteenagegirlsignaleddisorderandfueledanxieties.
E．AsForman-Brunellwrites,becauseadolescentgirls"attendedsportseventsandflirtedwithmenonthestreetcomers,especiallyinfrontoftheinnocentbabiestheytookcareof,"theauthorsofapopularmid-1920schild-rearingmanualcriticizedadolescentgirlsanddismissedthemasacceptablechild-careproviders.
F．Althoughbabysittingfirstappearedinthe1920s,itdidn'tflourishasaculturalphenomenonuntilafterWorldWarII.Thebabyboomcreatedplentifuljobsforbabysitters.Still,thoughwomenhadenjoyedgreateremploymentopportunitiesduringWorldWarII,parentswerehesitanttouseafemalebabysitter.Duringthisperiod,"parentswereveryanxiousabouthiringthegirlnextdoor,ashasalwaysbeenthecase.Itjusthassomuchtodowiththeirperceptionofteenagegirls,"saysForman-Brunell.
G．Evenasteenagegirlswereprovokinganxietyinparents,malebabysitterswereidealizedastheperfectsolution.DuringtheGreatDepression,Forman-Brunellsays,unemployedadolescentboysbecame"saviors(救星)toupsetmothersandtiredhousewivesunsatisfiedwithneighborhoodgirls."
H．InglowingdescriptionsinParentsMagazinefromthe1930s,itseemedasiftherewasnothingboyhelperscouldn'tdo.Somechild-rearingexpertsduringtheGreatDepressionbelievedthatmalebabysitterscouldgosofarasto"restoreboyhood"fortheiryoungcharges.Whilehusbandsbecamedepressedduetounemploymentordesertedtheirfamilies,ParentsMagazinereassuredreadersthatboyswereuptothetaskofbabysitting.
I．"It'ssurprisingthatyouwouldfindtheentrepreneurial,perfectmalebabysitterinpopularculture,buthe'severywhere,"saysForman-Brunell,"andhe'snotburdenedbythesameexpectationsthatgirlsare."Beingsmart,competitive,andbusiness-orientedwereallconsideredpositivecharacteristicsofamalebabysitter.
J．Bythelate1940s,someIvy-Leagueschoolsinstitutionalizedbabysittingformalecollegestudents.Forexample,Forman-Brunellwrites,maleundergraduatesatPrincetonorganizedthe"TigerTotTendingAgency"where,beginningin1946,"collegeboysbabysatforthechildrenoffacultymembersandmarriedstudentsforthirty-fivecentsanhour".OnemotherwhohiredmalebabysittersthroughtheTigerTotagencytoldPrincetonAlumniWeekly,"Ilovedtheideaoffourtallandstrongyoungmenwatchingovermybabydaughter.Diapers(尿布)werechangedwithefficiencyandcalmness."Fourmencameforthepriceofonebabysittersotheycouldhaveenoughpeopleforabridgegame.
K．A1940sNewYorkerarticlereportedthattheColumbiaUniversityfootballcoach--aformerbabysitterhimself--createdasittingserviceforhisplayersandwasjustasproudoftheirbabysittingaccomplishmentsastheirhardworkonthefootballfield.Thestrongbabysitterswereabletomaintaintheirmanlinesswhilecaringforchildren.Whiletalesofterriblebabysitterexperienceswithteenagegirlswhorackedupphonebillsandignoredscreamingchildreninordertobewiththeirboyfriendscontinuedtopopulatethemedia,sodidaccountsofcapable,responsiblemalebabysitters.
L.Whenfatherswereawayatworkinthe1950s,itwasuptomalesitterstoinstillmanlinessinyoungboysandturnboysintohardymen.ALifemagazinecoverstoryreportedthat23percentofthe7.9millionboysintheUnitedStatesworkedasbabysittersin1957,collectivelyearninganestimated$319million.
M．Evenasgenderdifferencesbegantoblurinthe1970s,malebabysitterswerestillseenasanideal,asisapparentinthechildren'sbookGeorgetheBabysitter(1977).Long-hairedGeorgewouldcookandcleaneachdayforthekidshebabysat,andattheendofthedaylikedtositandreadafootballmagazine.Thebookmadeteenageboybabysittersseembothdomesticandmasculine.Upuntiltheendofthe20thcentury,popularcultureandchildren'sbookssuchasArthurBabysits(1992)andJerometheBabysitter(1995)boostedthereputationofteenageboysassmart,dependablebabysitters.
N．Buttodaybabysittingismostcommonlyviewedasawoman'sdomain.
ARedCrossBabysitterTrainingCoursevideoshowstwowomen,onewhiteandoneblack,babysitting.Buttherearenomalesittersinthevideo.
AccordingtoaWallStreetJournalarticlepublishedearlier,Sittercity.com,anonlinemarketplaceforbabysitting,has94percentfemalesitters,whileSmartSitting.com,anagencythatmatcheshighlyeducatedsitterswithNewYorkfamiliesreportsthat87percentofitssittersarefemale.
O.MenhavebeensoerasedfromthehistoryofbabysittingthatthesameWallStreetJournalarticlewronglycomparesbabysittingwithcooking,saying,"Couldchildcaresomedaygothewayofcooking?Inthe1950severyoneassumedthatwomenwerebetterinthekitchen...thesedays,ofcourse,cookingisgenderneutral."Thewriterimaginesatimeinthefuturewhenbabysitting"isnolongerconsideredagirl'sjob."Littledoessheknowthatupuntilabout20yearsago,itwasn'tagirl'sjob.
Duringthe20thcentury,boyswereactuallymorepopularthangirlsasbabysitters.
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