选择题：Three Americans Win Nobel Economics Prize

Three Americans Win Nobel Economics Prize

　　The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awarded the Nobel Prize in economics to three Americans, Eugene Fama, Lars Peter Hansen and Robert Shiller on Oct. 14, 2013. Eugene Fama and Lars Peter Hansen are both professors at the University of Chicago. Robert Shiller is a professor at Yale University. They will share the prize worth about 1.2 million dollars.
　　“This year.s prize in economic sciences is about predictions.” All three of this year.s prize winners are mainly known for their research and explanations of pricing forces in financial markets. They have had a big influence on the way people look at and talk about financial markets.
Eugene Fama.s research on financial markets in the 1960s led market watchers to change their ideas about investing. His ideas are linked to the theory that markets are efficient, which means market actors taking all available information to create the correct price for things at any given time. This also means that over short periods of time, it is not possible to predict prices.
　　Robert Shiller found, however, that over long periods, the opposite is true. It is possible to predict the movement of prices and that price changes are linked to human behavior.
　　The findings of both economists have led to the growth of index funds, investing many different securities as a way to reduce risk. Mr Shiller also helped to create the Standard & Poor.s Case-Shiller home prices index. That index follows home prices across the United States.
Lars Peter Hansen developed a method for studying historical pricing information. His method supports Mr Shiller.s findings and has influenced efforts to predict prices in the financial industry.
　　The Nobel Prize in economics was not created by Alfred Nobel, but was established in his memory by Sweden.s central bank in 1968.



1. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awarded the Nobel Prize in electronics to three Americans on Oct. 14, 2013.回答



2. Eugene Fama, Lars Peter Hansen and Robert Shiller won the prize for their research and explanations of pricing forces in financial markets.回答



3. Eugene Fama.s research on financial markets in the 1960s resulted in some change in how market watchers look at investing.回答



4. The findings of both economists have led to the growth of price prediction, investing many different securities as a way to reduce risk.回答



5. The Nobel Prize in economics was established in memory of Alfred Nobel by Sweden.s central bank in 1968.回答