题目内容：
根据以下材料回答题 61)Man'spreoccupationwithtimederivesultimatelyfromhisuniquerelationshiptoit．Allan-imalsarechangedbyit．Butonlyhumancanmanipulateit．
LikeProust,theFrenchauthorwhoseexperiencesbecamehisliterarycapital,mancanrememberthepast．Hecanalsosummonupthingstocome,displayingimaginationandforesightalongwithhismemory．62)Itcanbearguedthatmemoryandforesightednessaretheessenceofintelligence;thatman'sabilitytomanipulatetime,toemploybothpastandfutureasguidestopresentactions,iswhatmakeshimhuman．
Tobesure,manyanimalscanreacttotimeafterafashion．Aratcanlearntopressaleverthatwill,afterdelayofsome25seconds,rewarditwithabitoffood．63)Butifthedelaystretchesbeyond30seconds,theanimalisataloss．Itcannolongerassociaterewardsofarinthefuturewithpresentaction．
Monkeys,moreintelligentthanrats,arebetterabletodealwithtime．Ifoneofthemisallowedtos．eefoodbeinghiddenunderoneoftwocups,itcanchoosetherightcupevenaftergosecondshaspassed．64)Butafterthattimeinterval,themonkey'shuntforthefoodisnobetterthanchancespredicts．
Withtheapes,man'snearestcousins,"timesense"takesabitstepforward．Evenunderthelaboratoryconditions,quitedifferentfromthosetheyencounterinthewild,apessometimesshowexcellentabilitiestomanipulatethepresenttoobtainafuroregoal．Let'stakeachimpanzees(黑猩猩)forexample．65)Theycanlearntostackfourboxes,oneatoptheother,asaplatformfromwhichitcanreachahangingbanana．Theyalsocarrytheirabilitytocopewiththepresentactionbymeansoftoolslikehumanbeing．Anditisbythemakingoftools--physicaltoolsascrudeasastonechopper,mentaltoolsaresubtleasamathematicalquestion--thatmancharacteristicallypreparesforfuturecontingencies．
Chimpanzeesinthewildhavebeenseentostripatwigofitsleavestomakeaprobeforex-tractingtermitesfromtheirholes．Significantly,however,theapedoesnotmakethistoolbeforeset-tingoutonatermitehunt,butonlywhenitactuallyseestheinsectsortheirnest．Here,aswiththebananaandthecrates,theapecanonlydealwithafuturethatisimmediateandvisible--andthushalfwayintothepresent．
第61答案为：
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