题目内容：
根据下面资料，回答题 Student participation(参与) in the classroom is not only accepted but also expected of the student inmany courses．Some professors base part of the final grade on the student' s oral participation．Althoughthere are formal lectures during which the student has a passive role (i．e．, listening and taking notes),
many courses are organized around classroom discussions, student questions, and informal lectures．Ingraduate discussions the professor has a "manager" role and the students make presentations and leaddiscussions．The students do the actual teaching in these discussions．
A professor' s teaching method is another factor (因素) that determines the degree and type ofstudent participation．Some professors prefer to control discussion while others prefer to guide the classwithout controlling it．Many professors encourage students to question their ideas．Students who object tothe professor' s point of view should be prepared to prove their positions．
In the teaching of science and mathematics, the controlling mode of instruction is generallytraditional ,with teachers presenting formal lectures and students taking notes．However, new educationaltrends have turned up in the humanities and social sciences in the past twenty years．Students ineducation, society, and history classes, for example, are often required to solve problems in groups, design
projects, make presentations, and examine case studies．Since some college or university courses are"practical" rather than theoretical ,they pay more attention to "doing" for themselves．
"Participation in the classroom is not only accepted but also expected of the student" in manycourses except in_______． A．science and mathematics
B．the humanities and social sciences
C．informal lecture courses
D．discussion courses
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