单选题：根据材料请回答Medical EducationIn 18th-century colonial America, th

根据材料请回答Medical Education
In 18th-century colonial America, those who wanted to become physicians either learn-ed as personal students from established professionals or went abroad to study in the tradi-tional schools of London, Paris, and Edinburgh.Medicine was first taught formally by specialists at the University of Pennsylvania, beginning in 1765, and in 1767 at King's College (now Columbia University), the first institution in the colonies to give the degree of doctor of medicine.Following the American Revolution, the Columbia medical faculty was combined with the College of Physicians and Surgeons in 1809, which survives as a di-vision of Columbia University.
In 1893 the Johns Hopkins Medical School required all applicants to have a college degree and was the first to afford its students the opportunity to further their training in an attached teaching hospital.With the fast development of proprietary schools of medicine(私立医学院), it was found that most of the schools had low standards and poor facilities.In 1910 Abraham Flex- her, the American education reformer, wrote "Medical Education in the United States and Cana-da" exposing the poor conditions of most proprietary schools.Subsequently, the American Med-cal Association and the Association of American Medical Colleges laid down standards for course content, qualifications of teachers, laboratory facilities, connection with teaching hospitals, and licensing of medical professionals that survive to this day.
By the late 1980s the U.S.and Canada had 142 4-year medical colleges recognized by the Liaison Committee on Medical Education to offer the M.D.degree; during the 1987-88 academie year, 47,262 men and 25,686 women entered these colleges and an estimated 11,752 men and 5,958 women were graduated.Graduates, after a year of internship, re-ceive licenses to practice if they pass an examination given either by a state board or by the National Board of Medical Examiners.In 18th-century America, A．there was no higher institutions of higher learning which taught medicin
B．there were already a few higher institutions of higher learning which taught medi-cin
C．those higher institutions of higher learning which taught medicine were better than those in Europ
D．those higher institutions of higher learning did not give the degree of doctor of medicin