题目内容:
Questionsare based on the following passage.Most of us are bad at spotting a lie, at least consciously.New research, published recently in Psychological Science, suggests that we have good instincts for judging liars, but that they are so deeply buried that we can't get at them.
This finding is the work of Leanne Ten Brinke, now at the Haas School of Business at the University of California, Berkeley."Perhaps our own bodies know better than our conscious minds who is lying," she explained.
It's well accepted that most of us are no better than a flip (轻抛.of the coin at seeing a lie.A classic experiment involves showing study subjects videotape of people, some of whom are lying, who say they did not steal $100; the subjects correctly guess the liars about half the time.
Dr.Ten Brinke and her collaborators improved that experiment: After the subjects watched the video and made their conscious assessments of who was lying, the researchers tried to measure the subjects' unconscious reactions.
The researchers flashed images of someone already seen in the videotape--but this time in milliseconds, indiscernible consciously.The subjects then completed a word task that involved placing "truth" words (like truthful, honest, valid) and "lie" words (dishonest, invalid, deceitful.into their proper categories.
When study subjects were flashed a picture of a liar, they were significantly slower to put words like truthful or honest into the "truth" category, but faster to put words like deceitful into the "lie" category.The opposite was true when the subjects saw a truthful person.So, in general, the same people seemed better at detecting lies unconsciously than consciously.By scientific measures, the size of the effect was obviously nontrivial (重大的) , but not overwhelming.
There are many theories about why the ability to pick out liars gets lost in translation to consciousness.Dr.Ten Brinke speculated that we tell one another little lies all the time---for survival, reproductive (繁衍) strategy, and so on--and that part of getting along socially is being able to let those harmless lies escape notice.
Is it possible to access the unconscious ability? "It's the million-dollar question," she said. The study fits into a rich history of lie, detection research, with some researchers saying they can read lies in facial expressions, and others arguing that liars just don't give off enough clear signals to allow detection.
"The cues are so faint," said Dr.Bella DePaulo, a visiting professor of psychology at Uniyersity of California, Santa Barbara and an expert in the science of lie detection.She said that there was some evidence that supported the idea of unconscious or indirect lie detecting, but she doubted that it would ever become a truly effective system.
What can we learn about our conscious ability to judge liars? A.It is much better than a flip of the coin.
B.It is based on the facial expressions of liars.
C.It is better than our bodies' instinctive reactions.
D.It is unreliable and almost comparable to luck.
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